医学英语的特征

时间：2008-11-12 来源：医界资讯网作者：med999

1. 特殊的单复数(单数→复数) ·a→ae ▲aortae-aortae[主动脉] ▲pleura-pleurae[胸膜] ·us→i ▲coccus-cocci[球菌] ▲bacillus-bacilli[杆菌] ·um→a ▲serum-sera[血清] ▲bacterium-bactera[细菌] ·on→a ▲phenomenon-phenomena[现象] ▲criterion-criteria[标准] ·x→ces ▲cortex-cortices[皮质] ▲appendix-appendices[阑尾] ▲thorax-thoraces[胸廓] ·x→ges ▲pharynx-pharynges[咽] ▲larynx-larynges[喉] ·is→es ▲crisis-crises[危象] ▲analysis-analyses[分析] ·ma→mata ▲trauma-traumata[创伤] ▲hemotoma-hemotomata[血肿] ·men→mina ▲lumen-lumina[腔] ▲abdomen-abdomina[腹]

2、字母可互通使用 ·ae-e ▲haemorrhage-hemorrhage[出血] ▲aetiology-etiology[病因] ·oe-e ▲oedema-edema[水肿] ▲oesophagus-esophagus[食管] ·ou-u ▲oulitis-ulitis[牙龈炎] ▲ouroscopy-uroscopy[尿检] ·ph-f ▲sulphate-sulfate[硫酸盐] ▲sulphonamide-sulfonamide[磺胺] ·k-c ▲EKG-ECG[心电图] ▲leukocyte-leucocyte[白细胞] ▲Katabolism-catabolism[分解代谢] ·y-i ▲syrup-sirup[糖浆]

3、英美的不同拼写形式(英-美) ·our(英)-or(美) ▲colour-color[颜色] ▲tumour-tumor[肿瘤] ·re-er ▲centre-center[中心] ▲metre-meter[米] ·yes-yze ▲analyse-analyze[分析] ▲paralyse-paralyze[瘫痪] ·xion-ction ▲connexion-connection[连接] ▲reflexion-reflection[反射] ·mme-m ▲gramme-gram[克] ·ogue-og ▲dialogue-dialog[对话] ▲catalogue-catalog[目录] ·c-k ▲disc-disk[软盘] ▲sceptic-skeptic[怀疑论者]

4、词根交替现象 ·mouth[口]-oral[口的] ·tooth[牙齿]-dental[牙齿的] ·tongue[舌]-lingual[舌的] ·ear[耳]-aural[耳的] ·nose[鼻]-nasal[鼻的] ·eye[眼]-ophthalmic[眼的] ·skin[皮肤]-dermal[皮肤的] ·heart [心]-cardiac[心脏的] ·liver[肝]-hepatic[肝的] ·stomach[胃]-gastric[胃的] ·lung[肺]-pulmonary[肺的] ·kideny[肾]-renal[肾的] ·neck[颈]-cervical[颈的] ·chest[胸]-thoracic[胸的] ·brain[脑]-cerebral[脑的] ·nerve[神经]-neural[神经的] ·rib[肋骨]-costal[肋骨的] ·mother[母]-maternal[母亲的] ·heat[热]-thermal[热的] ·bone[骨]-bony[骨的] ·virus[病毒]-viral[病毒的] ·saliva[唾液]-salivary[唾液的] ·respiration[呼吸]-respiratory[呼吸的] ·joint[关节]-arthritis[关节炎] ·kidney[肾]-nephritis[肾炎] ·nerve[神经]-neuritis[神经炎] ·lioer[肝]-hepatitis[肝炎] ·brain[脑]-encephalitis[脑炎] ·stomache[胃]-gastritis[胃炎] ·artery[动脉]-arteritis[动脉炎] ·bronchus[支气管]-bronchitis[支气管炎] ·heart[心]-cardiology[心脏病学] ·eye[眼]-ophthalmology[眼科学] ·cell[细胞]-cytology[细胞学] ·tumor[肿瘤]-oncology[肿瘤学] ·disease[病]-pathology[病理学] ·drug[药]-pharmocology[药理学] ·parasite[寄生虫]-parasitology[寄生虫学] ·bacterium[细菌]-bacteriology[细菌学] ·cell[细胸]-cyto-[细胞] ·blood[血]-hemo-[血] 5、常用拉丁短语 ·ad arbitrium[随意地] ·ad decubitum[临睡时] ·ad effectum[直至有效] ·ad interim[暂时] ·ad libitum（ad lib）[随意] ·ad usum externum[外用] ·ad usum internum[内服] ·ante caenam[晚饭前] ·ante cibum[饭前] ·ante horam decubitus[睡前] ·ante jentaculum[早饭前] ·ante meridiem(A.M)[上午] ·bis in die(B.i.d)[每天二次] ·curriculum vitae (C.V)[简历] ·et al (et alia)[等等] ·exmpli gratia (e.g)[例如] ·id est (i.e)[即] ·in brevi[简言之] ·in situ[原位] ·in vitro[体外] ·in vivo[体内] ·locus in quo[现象] ·note bene(N.B)[注意] ·per annum[每年] ·per centum (percent)[百分之……] ·per diem[每日] ·per mensem[每月] ·per os (p.o)[经口] ·per rectum[经直肠] ·post meridiem （P.M）[下午] ·post mortem[死后] ·post partum[产后] ·post scriptum(P.S)[附言] ·pro dosi[一次量] ·pro et contra (pro et con)[赞成和反对] ·pro re nata (p.r.n)[必要时] ·quaque die (q.d)[每天一次] ·quaque nocte (q.n)[每晚一次] ·quaque quarta hora(q.4h)[每4小时1次] ·quaque secundo die(q.o.d)[每二天一次] ·ter in die (t.i.d)[每天三次] ·ut infra[如下所述] ·ut supra[如上所述] ·vice versa[反之亦然] ·vide infra[参见下文] ·vide supra[参见前文]

注：本文参考了最新版医学英语教材及文献，目的为方便交流学习。
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