例如,当提到本文、此图、此表等说明了、表达了什么时要用一般现在时,而不用一般过去时。This describes……The focus of this is……Figure1 shows……Most of the common condensation polymers are listed in Table1-1。
结论部分可以使用过去时强调过去的研究,采用现在时或将来时表达未来的研究方向或研究前景。Although the study found evidence of till agean dirrigation within the study area,from the data collect edit was not possible to determine if the effect so griculture upstream cause (or caused) higher levels of to talnitrogen downstream. Further studies are the refore necessary to determine the effect so griculture on the health of Stringy bark Creek。
第一段要明确告诉读者你要讨论几个部份……Therefore,there are three aspects of this problem have to be addressed. The first question involves……These cond problem relates to……The third aspect deals with……清晰地把观点逐层叙述。也可以直接用First,Second,Third,Finally……当然,Furthermore,inaddition等可以用来补充说明。
·研究的问题有点片面,讨论时一定要说,It should be noted that this study haamined only……We concentrate (focus) on only……Some limitations of this study are……
·结论有些不足,The results do'not imply……The results can not be used to determine (or be taken as evidence of)……Unfortunately,we cannot determine this from this data……Our results are lack of……但指出这些不足之后,一定要马上再次加强本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段来解决这些不足,为别人或者自己的下一步研究打下伏笔。Not with standing its limitation,this study does suggest……However,these problems could be solved if we consider……Despite its preliminary character,this study can clearly indicate……
·detail/detailed:The properties of this compound were studied indetail。//The detailed properties of this compound were studied. //The details of the properties of this compound were studied.
·increase,decrease:均可做名词和动词,We can observe an increase in the reaction rate. //There action rate increases.
·focus,concentrate:focus:n。,v。The focus of thisis……This focuses on……Our study focuses on……We focus our study on……Our study is focused on……concentrate:v。We concentrate our study on……Our study is concentrated on……
·effect,affect:effect:n。//affect:v。
·compose,consist:A is composed of B and C。//A consists of Band C。
4. 学会照葫芦画瓢。没有人天生会写优秀的科研论文,都是从别人那里学来的。学习别人的文章要注意专业领域的不同,有些领域(包括我所在的结构生物学)有它内在的写作规律。科研文章里的一些话是定式,比如“To investigate the mechanism of…,we performed…”,“These results support the former,but not the latter,hypothesis…”,“Despite recent progress,how…remains to be elucidated…”等等。用两次以后,就逐渐学会灵活运用了。在向别人学习时,切忌抄袭。在美国一些机构,连续7个英文单词在一起和别人的完全一样,原则上就被认为抄袭(plagiarism)。