参考文献必须是作者亲自阅读过的近年公开文献。同类的内容,应尽量选择近期的研究成果,避免引用过老的文献。 参考文献的编号应按照在正文中首次出现的先后次序连续排列,在正文、表格和插图说明中引用的参考文献号码,用阿拉伯数字加括号表示,仅在表格或插图说明中所引用的参考文献,应根据该表格或插图在正文中首次出现的顺序确定其编号。 参考文献的格式应采用美国国立医学图书馆《医学索引》中的格式,期刊名称的缩写也照此方式。 应避免使用摘要作参考文献。“未发表的观察结果”和“个人通讯”,虽然是文字资料,也不能作为参考文献。上述内容可用括号插入正文中以做参考。尽量避免使用内部资料和教科书。 已被期刊接受,但尚未刊出的论文,可做参考文献。在使用时应注明期刊名称,后用括号注明“印刷中”(in press)。引用已投出但尚未被正式接受的稿件,所引用的信息应在正文中列出,并用括号注明,属于未发表的观察资料,不能作为正式参考文献。 参考文献必须由作者亲自对照原文一一核实。 参考文献的写法 期刊引文(articles in journals) (1) 标准期刊引文(列出所有作者,若作者超过6人,列出6人,后加“等”-et al):多数国外期刊要求全部作者。 Qian J, Zhou CH, Qian Z, Nan FJ, Ye QZ. Development of a K562 cell-based assay for screening anticancer agents. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22: 821-6. (2) 机构作为作者 International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126: 36-47. (3)无作者 Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1994; 84: 15. (4)论文非英文(刊物非英文),但有英文题目。 Branje JP. Protocollaire toxicology. Pharmaceutisch Weekblad 2000; 135: 1689. (5)卷有分部 Ozben T, Nacitarhan S, Tuncer N. Plasma and urine sialic acid in non?insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Clin Biochem 1995; 32 (Pt 3): 303-6. (6)期有分部 Poole GH, Mills SM. One hundred consecutive cases of flap lacerations of the leg in ageing patients. N Z Med J 1994; 107 (986 Pt 1): 377-8. (7)有期无卷 Turan I, Wredmark T, Fellander-Tsai L. Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop 1995; (320): 110-4. (8)无期无卷 Browell DA, Lennard TW. Immunologic status of the cancer patient and the effects of blood transfusion on antitumor responses. Curr Opin Gen Surg 1993: 325-33. (9)书和其他专著(Books and other monographs) Ringsven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurses. 2nd ed. Albany (NY): Delmar Publishers; 1996. (10)引用书中章节的 Milton AS. Prostaglandins and fever. In: Sharma HS, Westman J, editors. Progress in brain research; v 115. Brain function in hot environment. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1998. p 129-39. (11)学术会议论文集 Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto,Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996. (12)学位论文 ①Kaplan SJ. Post-hospital home health care: the elderly's access and utilization [dissertation]. St Louis (MO): Washington Univ; 1995. ②刘慧青. AngⅡ损伤大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的分子生物学机制及化合物EXP-2528的保护作用(博士学位论文).济南(山东):山东大学;2005 (13)专利 Larsen CE, Trip R, Johnson CR, inventors; Novoste Corporation, assignee. Methods for procedures related to the electrophysiology of the heart. US Patent 5 529 067. 1995 Jun 25. (14)报纸文章 Lee G. Hospitalizations tied to ozone pollution: study estimates 50 000 admissions annually. The Washington Post 1996 Jun 21; Sect A: 3 (col 5). (15)印刷中的资料(谨慎使用) Peshin SS, Lall SB, Gupta SK. Potential food contaminants and associated health risks. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26: in press.