这个世界,各行各业都有自己的道行、规范、图景。这些个图景有其独特的个性、也有其共性。比如,大城市的交通经常会出现图1所示的状况:某个高峰时段,一个方向通行顺畅、另一个方向却严重阻塞。用输运去描述,对应于on (通、绿色箭头) 和 off (断、红色箭头)。这种通/断状况在自然界非常普遍,看君与笔者一般,可以信手拈来:经济活动中的单向经济交换算一个?社会生活中的单向交流算一个?当然,物理世界中的宇称不守恒是不是也算一个?
笔者更熟悉凝聚态物理中的类似现象。最著名的自然是半导体二极管,其 I – V 输运的不对称一定算一个。二极管的不对称通/断算得上是当今二进制 (0/1) 数字世界的物理鼻祖,对数字世界的贡献功莫大焉。随后发展起来的场效应晶体管更是借助栅极电场来控制源-漏之间的半导体沟道层电流 (源-漏电流),实现数字化逻辑开关。
摘要:Reversible and nonvolatile electric-field control of the physical properties of topological insulators is essential for fundamental research and development of practical electronic devices. Here, we report the integration of topological insulator films with ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals in the form of ferroelectric field-effect devices that allow us to tune the electronic properties of topological insulator films in a reversible and nonvolatile manner. Specifically, gating of Cr-doped Bi2Se3 films with the PMN-PT layer is shown to provide a means to reversibly tune and modulate the carrier density and carrier type, as well as its other properties, such as the conductance, magnetoconductance, Fermi level, phase coherence length, and screening factor of electron–electron interaction by polarization switching at room temperature. These findings provide a simple and direct approach for probing the quantum transport properties of topological insulator films through ferroelectric gating by using PMN-PT. The combination of topological insulators with both ferroelectrically and piezoelectrically active PMN-PT thus offers a promising step toward exploring topological insulator/ferroelectric(piezoelectric) hybrid devices that could utilize not only the ferroelectric field-effect of topological insulator/PMN-PT structures but also the unique properties of respective materials.
期刊介绍:npj Quantum Materials is an open access journal from Nature Research dedicated to publishing high-quality papers that report significant advances in the broad area of quantum materials.