这种情况,可以使用整群随机对照试验(Cluster Randomized Control Study)的设计。CONSORT指南将整群随机对照试验定义为:由具有某些共同特征个体构成的整群(如家庭、社区等)而非单个个体作为研究对象,采用随机抽样的方法(单纯随机、分层随机等)将整个群体分配到不同处理组的试验,基于整群作为研究对象进行干预、随访,比较不同处理组的效应。目前这种设计方案广泛应用于包括健康教育、健康行为、卫生保健制度等非治疗性干预措施的评价中。
He, F.J., et al., A school-based education programme toreduce salt intake in children and their families (School-EduSalt): protocol ofa cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 2013. 3(7).
He, F.J., et al., School based education programme toreduce salt intake in children and their families (School-EduSalt): clusterrandomised controlled trial. BMJ, 2015. 350: p. h770.