应试英语听力技巧

一． 应试的三个步骤

英国听力教学法专家Mary Underwood根据听力理论和记忆的心理规律设计了听的三个步骤，即“听前”（pre-listening）、“听时”（while-listening）和“听后”（post-listening）。这三个步骤概括了听力理解全部过程的思维活动，它们不仅适用于平时的听力训练，也适用于应试听力的全过程。听力理解方法和技巧实际上就是这三个步骤的具体实施。

（一） 听前（pre-listening）
听力考试前必须稳定情绪，做好听音的准备工作。在放音之前，抓紧时间速读书面选择项，对可能设计的内容作出粗略的猜测和推断，同时也需进行联想，即可能会出现的内容与自己具有的相关知识联系起来，思想介入到要听的内容中去。如若选择项中出现不同的人名、地名、数字、时间或年代以及不同的动词时，必须做好强记的准备。

（二） 听时（while-listening）
听音时思想要集中，但情绪不可过度紧张。在听音中要利用预测时得到的潜在信息把握听音的重点，也可利用符号、图示等方法迅速记录要点以促进有效记忆。在听音过程中，必须眼耳并用，也就是一边用耳听，一边用眼浏览选择项进行分析和归纳，做到听与浏览相结合、听与思考及记忆相结合。这一过程必须在短暂的时间内完成。

（三） 听后（post-listening）
听完录音后要迅速意念和整理所听懂的内容，并根据书面问题选择或检验答案。要严格控制答题时间，正确答案与听力原文之间的统一性是解题的基本方法。考生要善于根据提问的形式，采用不同的解题方法。

二．力题型分析

1 问题类型
A. What...?
1)问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”等，如：
What is the man’s answer?
What does the woman want for lunch?
What are they talking about?
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2)问“做什么”，如：
What does the woman tell the man to do first?
What are the speakers doing now?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
3)问“什么含义”，如：
What does the man mean(imply)?
What does the woman's answer suggest?
4)问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”，如：
What can we learn from the conversation?
What can be concluded from this conversation?
5)问“对某人或某事有什么看法”，如：
What does the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the woman think of the plan?

B. Where...?
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the man and the woman?
C. When...?
When did the game finally start?
When will he be paid?
When will the winter vacation begin?
D. Why...?
Why is the man late?
Why did the man repair the car by himself?
E. Who...?
可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况，如：
W: May I help you , Sir?
M: I hope so. It's my watch. I brought it in to be repaired, but I've lost the receipt.
Q: Who is the man?
F. How...?
1)问做事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：
How did the teacher usually begin his class?
How does the man usually go to work?
2)问“对某事的感受如何”，如：
How does the man feel about the movie?
How do you like the film?
G. How many (much)...?
How many persons...?
How many dozens of ... does ... want?
How much does ...?
How old is ...?
How long does it take ... to...?

2 对话类型
A.时间类：包括直接型和计算型。如：
W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.
Q: When must the man return his books to the library?
B. 数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如：
W: Do you live in a college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It's a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
C. 地点类：包括直接型和含蓄型。如：
M: I need to cash this check?
W: Will you step right over to the teller's window, please?
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
D. 否定类。
此类对话既可以含有not, no, neither, nor等否定词，也有but, although等转折词，或由would rather, too...to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如：
M: Ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?
W: I wish I could help you. I went shopping yesterday. Now I have only two dollars till the end of the week.
Q: Will the man borrow any money from the woman?
此题的答案肯定是No。听这段话时要抓住I wish I could help you.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是肯定式，但却隐含着I'm sorry I can’t help you.的意思。
E.人物类：包括人物关系、人物身份两类。
此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份。如：
M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.
W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?
Q: What's the relationship between the man and woman?

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